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In the first eight years of studying the worldwide development of the internet I never published an analysis of the situation in Africa. I tried several times to learn something from available data, but (except in the case of South Africa) numbers were too small to be meaningful. Only one dismal fact was clear: most of Africa was practically excluded from the development of the internet. Though some of the figures aren’t as tiny as they used to be, even now, in several cases, they are only marginally relevant. But there is growth in some parts of Africa – so, starting in 2004, this report is taking a closer look to what is happening in the continent with the lowest general level of internet activity.

Still now, most of the continent has a very low hostcount. And 71 percent the total is in one country, South Africa, that has 5 percent of Africa’s population.

Growth in Africa, in recent years, has often been faster than the world average. In 2009 the increase was a remarkable 50 percent over a year earlier. (For a comparison see the “large areas” trends in international data.) But there is fast growth only in a few countries. The fact is that, with 14 percent of the world’s population, Africa still has less than one percent of global actvity in the internet – with a total of tree million hosts, as compared to 153 million in Europe, 89 in Asia and 42 in Latin America.

However, the situation isn’t static. There are changes and developents in different parts of the continent and there is considerable potential for further growth.

This table shows the situation in the 27 African countries with over a thousand internet hosts (that have 99 percent of the total hostcount in Africa.)

	Number of hosts December 2009	Per 1000 inhabit.
South Africa	2,144,942	43.5
Morocco	277,096	8.9
Egypt	182,017	2.4
Namibia	75,871	36.9
Kenya	42,237	1.2
Ghana	39,569	1.8
Mauritius	36,641	31.1
Zimbabwe	29,836	2.5
Madagascar	27,807	1.5
Tanzania	26,051	0.64
Mozambique	22,678	1.1
Zambia	15,090	1.3
Réunion	13.130	16.1
Libya	12.397	2.1
Uganda	10,089	0.35
Ivory Coast	9,851	0.47
Botswana	7.544	4.2
Angola	5,533	0.33
Congo *	3,211	0.05
Swaziland	2,672	2.8
Nigeria	2,498	0.02
Rwanda	2,363	0.25
Burkina Faso	1,951	0.13
São Tomé & Pr.	1,606	10.2
Gambia	1,565	1.0
Eritrea	1,313	0.28
Benin	1,254	0.15
Africa	3,000,000	3.2

* There are two countries called Congo.
Data here are for the larger,
the Congo Democratic Republic, capital Kinshasa.
The other Congo Republic, capital Brazzaville,
has less than 200 hosts and an equally low density.
 

As explained in international data world average density
is 56 hosts per 1000 inhabitants.
No country in Africa, so far, has reached that level.

In a general situation of very low internet activity there are relevant differences. In recent years a large change was in Morocco, that had strong growth in 2004-2005 (and, at that time, had higher density on population than any other African country, except South Africa) but development was slower in following years. In North Africa, there is also the evolution of Egypt, that after an apparently static period in 2003-2004 showed some growth in 2005-2007 – but less so in the last two years. There was an increase in Libya in 2009, while in the rest of the area hostcount figures remain very small. Algeria has density as low as Nigeria, Tunisia isn’t doing much better.

In 2009 there was a “leap” in Namibia (that also in previous years had higher online activity than most of Africa.) Of course “sudden” changes are always questionable, but some real development is happening.

In the rest of Africa there are indications of growth in a few countries, such as Kenya, Mozambique and Tanzania – more recently Ghana, Madagascar and the Ivory Coast. There is relatively high density, compared to most of the continent, in some “small” countries such as Namibia, Swaziland and Botswana (also Mauritius and other islands.)

In this “pie” graph we see the situation of the eleven African countries with over 20,000 internet hosts (that have 96 percent of the total in the continent.)

11 African countries

Over eighty percent of the hostcount in Africa remains concentrated in two countries, that have less than 9 percent of the population. In the first three it’a 88 percent.

If, for better readability of the chart, we remove South Africa and the two North African countries with (relatively) higher online activity, this is the picture in the other 15 countries in Africa with over five thousand internet hosts.

18 African countries

The reliability of data is always doubtful, especially with small numbers, but the situation is evolving and it’s very likely that there will be more changes.

The “rest of Africa” includes over thirty countries with very low internet activity. The hostcout in Nigeria, with 140 million inhabitants, is a third of the number in Liechtenstein. And so in Congo – even worse in Sudan.

Ethiopia, with 77 million inhabitants, has slightly more that a hundred hosts (fwer than Djibouti, population 700,000.) Only one host is found in Somalia (lately not even that one) while there is (comparativey) more activity in Eritrea. The total hostount in Africa is smaller than in Norway.

In the next graph we see density (hosts per 1000 inhabitants) in 22 African countries with over two thousand internet hosts.

Internet hosts per 1000 inhabitants
in 22 African countries

These graphs can’t be taken too seriously because (as pointed out at the beginning) figures are too small to be accurate. And these are only a few examples of the different, and complex, situations in many countries. But it’s clear that, even in a low-development environment such as Africa, local situations vary – and change over time. We are still in the early stages of an evoution that has a long way to go. Small as it is, it has growing potential.

Let’s look at this picture also as a map.

Internet hosts per 1000 inhabitants

 
A small “dot” in the Gulf of Guinea shows density
in the São Tomé and Principe islands.
A red one would appear in the Indian Ocean
if this map included Mauritius – and blue for the Seychelles.
In the Atlantic there would be, in red, Saint Helena.
But other islands are in the “white” density level.

The case of Lesotho, that appears as a low-density “hole” surrounded by South Africa,
is an example of how there can be such differences also inside each country.
If we could trace maps in greater detail we would find,
more so in Africa than in other parts of the world, online activity
restricted to a few urban areas or near communication resources
with hardly any links to the rest of the environment.
 

Compared to the maps in four other documents in this section  (World, Europe, Asia and Latin America) the scale in this case is based on much lower density levels.

Also in other parts of the world it is noticeable that geographic “vicinity” has some influence – as in the case of countries close to South Africa (and French influence in Morocco.)  But the “somewhat better” developed areas are a small part of Africa.

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